Nayara Paiva Vieira
University of Fortaleza. Amancio Valente Street nº 1555 – Ceara/Brazil . Email: nayarapdv5511@edu.unifor.br
Márcia Thelma Rios Donato Marino
Dr.Professor at University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR). Engenheiro Leal Lima Verde Street nº21 – Ceara/Brazil . Email: marino@unifor.br
Leonardo Holanda Lima
ESG Advisor at Industries of Federation of the State of Ceara. Tiangua Street nº457 – Ceara/Brazil . Email: leonardoengambiental13@gmail.com
Abstract
The research is essential to understanding environmental issues in coastal areas of Brazil, and it is participatory on the east coast of the state of Ceará. The main objective of this work was to carry out a spatiotemporal analysis of the impacts related to the Jaguaribe River estuary. The Geographic Information System - GIS method was applied to the elaboration of maps and data extraction. Recognition of areas modified by shrimp farming activities and spatiotemporal analysis of environmental impacts, over 16 years (2004 to 2020), as well as the quantification of urbanized areas placed in Permanent Protection Areas - APP in the river estuary Jaguaribe, were performed through digital image processing. Judging by the results collected by the spatiotemporal analysis, there are punctual anthropic changes in the Jaguaribe river estuary. In 16 years, the most striking factors in the survey are associated with the increase in shrimp farming by 6.92% and urbanization by 1.12%, as well as the reduction of vegetation by 15.16%. The stretch of beach, dunes, permanent preservation area, and the Jaguaribe river watershed are features that have reduced in these 16 years, not so expressive, but lacking further studies of the environmental reality. The exposed soil registered a growth of 12.66%, a number directly proportional to the reduction in vegetation. In these circumstances, it is known that the lack of urban planning and commitments to environmental legislation were not fulfilled, leading to the destruction of portions of the mangrove ecosystem and areas of permanent preservation.
Keywords: spatiotemporal analysis, Jaguaribe River, estuary, shrimp farming, Brazil