CASSANDRA Local Water Forum Factsheet Nigeria

Dr Richard Elelman

HEAD OF POLITICS, EURECAT

The CASSANDRA Programme,  https://cdn.eurecat.org/PDF/Cassandra2023/Cassandra_conclusions.pdf is now being implemented. 

The result of the discussions of the first two editions of the CASSANDRA Conference, the programme is the identification, development and nurturing of at least 300 local community organisations over a four-year period which address four key socio-political consequences of climate change: public health issues, gender inequality, migration, and the exacerbation of the effects of armed conflict. CASSANDRA is not an organisation, nor a project consortium. Any interested party is invited to become involved.

There are, for the period up to November 2025, 20 Pilot Local Climate Forums in Somalia (3), Kenya (3), Sudan (2), Palestine (1), Nigeria (3), the Democratic Republic of Congo (1), Uganda (2), South Africa (1), Libya (1) and the Euro-Mediterranean region (3).  

Health

Migration

Climate Change

Conflict

CASSANDRA chooses to work in highly challenging scenarios, to demonstrate:

1) The importance of local people initiating and implementing community actions if supranational ambitions are to be translated into tangible results.

2) That scientists and technologists have a socio-political responsibility to communicate clearly with, and support, communities facing climate change issues, serving as Science Embassies when required by the community. A network of Science Embassies will be established to promote knowledge exchange.

3) A clear capacity to establish a direct link between supranational, international and national entities and local people willing to fight for their homes, their environment, and their future through effective dissemination of the local community actions’ success and failures and the enabling of fac-to-face dialogue between the different political and social actors.

4) The fact that the socio-political effects of climate change can no longer be ignored, nor treated individually but rather as a complex interrelationship.

5) The development of an effective and accessible means of measuring the progress of actions undertaken at the local community level.

In order to keep all interested organisations and individuals informed we are producing a number of online communications. To begin with, you are regularly receiving LOCAL CLIMATE FORUM FACTSHEETS which describe the activities in a specific country where CASSANDRA is active. The third, enclosed here, describes the challenges in Nigeria. The following FACTSHEET will describe Kenya. The intention is to give a brief overview of the country in question and the locations of the Local Climate Forums. 

On January the 23rd 2025, the first online webinar will permit those who are interested to interact directly with the leaders of all the Local Climate Forums that have been established, to gain a far more profound insight regarding the challenges which their local communities face. Further details and instructions on how to register for the webinar will be provided at the beginning of December.

We hope that the information we provide is proving interesting to you. Meanwhile, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to all of those entities and individuals who are providing us with valuable opinions, insights and suggestions regarding the work which CASSANDRA undertakes.

The Green Stories Movement: Writing for a Sustainable Future

Green Stories is a transformative initiative that uses storytelling to foster awareness and inspire action towards a sustainable future. Launched in 2018, it has hosted numerous writing competitions aimed at generating creative narratives that envision a world where sustainability thrives. Their projects, such as the No More Fairy Tales anthology, present engaging stories that highlight innovative climate solutions.

Recently, Microbes to the Rescue!, an anthology edited by Dr. Louise Byfield and Dr. Sigrid Kusch-Brandt and published by EBNet.ac.uk, joined the collection of impactful stories in this movement. This book, available as a downloadable e-book under a CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED license, encourages readers to share and adapt its content for non-commercial purposes. With stories of microbial innovations and green solutions, this anthology complements Green Stories' mission, expanding readers' understanding of sustainability in unexpected ways.

Through competitions and collaborations with organizations like BAFTA, Green Stories encourages writers to explore green themes and solutions, contributing to a cultural shift towards environmental consciousness. Their efforts have reached thousands, including climate conference delegates, demonstrating the power of storytelling in promoting sustainable change.

Get Involved! Writers of all levels are encouraged to join upcoming competitions, share their stories, and become part of a community passionate about sustainability. Stay updated on opportunities and events by signing up for their mailing list or following them on social media.

For more information about the Green Stories Project, visit Green Stories.

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CASSANDRA Local Water Forum Factsheet #2 Sudan

Dr Richard Elelman

HEAD OF POLITICS, EURECAT

The CASSANDRA Programme is now being implemented. As the result of discussions from the first two editions of the CASSANDRA Conference, the programme focuses on identifying, developing, and nurturing at least 300 local community organizations over a four-year period. These organizations will address four key socio-political consequences of climate change: public health issues, gender inequality, migration, and the exacerbation of the effects of armed conflict. It’s important to note that CASSANDRA is not an organization or a project consortium; rather, it invites any interested party to become involved.

From now until November 2025, there are 20 Pilot Local Climate Forums in various regions, including Somalia (3), Kenya (3), Sudan (2), Palestine (1), Nigeria (3), the Democratic Republic of Congo (1), Uganda (2), South Africa (1), Libya (1), and the Euro-Mediterranean region (3).

CASSANDRA chooses to work in highly challenging scenarios to demonstrate several critical points:

1. Local Initiatives Matter: The importance of local people initiating and implementing community actions is essential if supranational ambitions are to translate into tangible results.

2. Responsibility of Scientists and Technologists: Scientists and technologists bear a socio-political responsibility to communicate clearly with, and support, communities facing climate change issues, serving as Science Embassies when required by the community. A network of Science Embassies will be established to promote knowledge exchange.

3. Connecting Local and Global Efforts: There is a clear capacity to establish a direct link between supranational, international, and national entities and local people who are willing to fight for their homes, their environment, and their future. This will be achieved through effective dissemination of local community actions’ successes and failures, enabling face-to-face dialogue between different political and social actors.

4. Complex Interrelationships: The socio-political effects of climate change can no longer be ignored or treated individually; rather, they must be understood as a complex interrelationship.

5. Measuring Progress: The programme will develop an effective and accessible means of measuring the progress of actions undertaken at the local community level.

To keep all interested organizations and individuals informed, we will produce a series of online communications. To start, you will receive regular LOCAL WATER FORUM FACTSHEETS that describe activities in specific countries where CASSANDRA is active. The enclosed factsheet outlines the challenges in Sudan, while the following one will cover Nigeria. These factsheets aim to provide a brief overview of the respective countries and the locations of the Local Climate Forums.

In December, the first online webinar will offer interested parties the chance to interact directly with the leaders of all the Local Climate Forums that have been established. This event will provide a deeper insight into the challenges faced by their local communities.

Exploring Global Water Quality Initiatives: A Focus on Women, Climate Change, and Community Action

In the October 2024 issue of Yemaya, the World Water Quality Alliance (WWQA) newsletter, several important global water quality initiatives are highlighted, focusing on the critical intersections of water, women, and community-driven action. As climate change continues to challenge communities around the world, Yemaya—named after the African goddess of the ocean and motherhood—reminds us that protecting water resources is central to our collective future.

At the Green Institute, we resonate deeply with the themes presented in this issue, especially the role of coastal women in Nigeria, led by our own visionary founder, Dr. Adenike Akinsemolu. Here, we explore the key insights from Yemaya, focusing on water quality, grassroots activism, and the broader global response to environmental change.

WWQA Annual Conference: Setting the Global Agenda for Water Quality

On October 22, 2024, the WWQA will hold its annual conference online, bringing together stakeholders to review progress, share insights, and set goals for the coming year. As part of this global initiative, the Green Institute remains committed to aligning our work with international goals, especially in the area of empowering local communities to address water quality challenges.

Coastal Women and Girls in Ondo State: The Unseen Faces of Climate Change

A key feature in this issue is the story of coastal women and girls in Ondo State, Nigeria. Climate change here is not an abstract concept; it’s a lived experience. Rising sea levels, industrial pollution, and flooding are eroding both the land and livelihoods, making access to clean water a daily struggle.

Dr. Adenike Akinsemolu, Director of the Green Institute, has worked closely with these communities, highlighting the resilience of women and girls. Through community-based platforms, local women’s groups have been organizing to raise awareness about water pollution, advocate for clean water access, and implement environmental restoration projects. The Green Institute has played a critical role in providing support, offering scientific expertise, and advocating for policies that prioritize the health and safety of these communities.

Water Quality Monitoring: Dr. Akinsemolu’s team at the Green Institute actively monitors water quality in Ondo State using advanced microbial, physicochemical, and ecotoxicological methods. The data collected has revealed significant contamination from industrial waste, oil spills, and saltwater intrusion, which has serious health implications for women and children. These findings are vital for advocating for stronger regulations and community-led initiatives to restore water sources.

An Interview with Dr. Richard Elelman: The Social Dimension of Water Quality

In an insightful interview, Dr. Richard Elelman, Head of Politics at Eurecat and leader of the Cassandra Programme, emphasizes the socio-political aspects of water quality. He discusses how access to clean water is not just an environmental issue but a basic human right, especially in regions experiencing the compounded impacts of climate change and social inequality. His work highlights how women and girls are often at the forefront of local water management efforts, despite facing systemic barriers.

Macroplastic Monitoring in the Nile Basin: A Call for Global Action on Plastic Pollution

Plastic pollution remains a critical global issue, particularly in freshwater systems like rivers and lakes. The WWQA’s Plastics workstream, in collaboration with GIZ, has been implementing the UNEP guidelines for monitoring macroplastics in the Nile Basin. This project trains local stakeholders in Uganda and Kenya to monitor and mitigate plastic pollution, an approach that aligns with the Green Institute’s mission of community-driven environmental action.

The Quest for Universal Water Quality Indicators

As part of the WWQA’s ongoing research, a team of experts is developing universal water quality indicators to standardize the way we measure and compare water pollution across regions. This work is crucial for creating global coherence and helping us better understand future pollution hotspots. These indicators, when fully realized, will contribute to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.3.2, which focuses on improving water quality globally.

Community Engagement and the Power of Local Action

The Yemaya newsletter also highlights the Gems of Water initiative in Kenya, which empowers citizens to monitor water quality and raise awareness of organic contaminants like pesticides. This aligns with the Green Institute’s efforts to engage local communities in Nigeria in the fight against water pollution. By involving those directly affected, we build resilience and create lasting solutions.

In addition, the WWQA Bulletin Board lists a series of upcoming webinars, job openings, and opportunities to engage with the global water quality community. From tackling riverine plastic pollution to exploring the role of Indigenous data sovereignty, these initiatives demonstrate the interconnectedness of water, community action, and policy advocacy.

The Role of the Green Institute: Leadership in Sustainability

Under the leadership of Dr. Adenike Akinsemolu, the Green Institute continues to inspire local action while contributing to global dialogues on water quality and sustainability. As a Green Microbiologist, Dr. Akinsemolu’s research on water quality, climate resilience, and women’s empowerment has positioned the Green Institute as a leader in community-driven environmental efforts.

At the Green Institute, we believe that global water quality challenges require both scientific expertise and grassroots activism. Through our continued partnerships and initiatives, we aim to uplift the voices of those most affected by climate change—women, girls, and marginalized communities.

Join Us in Building a Sustainable Future

As we celebrate the International Day of Rural Women and the International Day of the Girl Child this October, we invite you to join us in supporting the community-driven initiatives featured in Yemaya. Together, we can turn the tide on climate change, restore our water sources, and ensure that every community has access to clean, safe water.

To read more of the Yemaya, click this link or download the PDF.

Let’s work together for a more sustainable and water-conscious future.

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CASSANDRA Local Climate Forum in Somalia: Empowering Communities Through Restoration and Resilience

In Somalia, climate change, land degradation, and socio-political challenges have converged to create a pressing need for sustainable solutions. The CASSANDRA Local Climate Forum, in collaboration with the Global Solutions Initiative (GSI), is actively addressing these challenges by promoting innovative land restoration techniques, supporting community resilience, and advancing gender equality. This blog post highlights key insights from CASSANDRA's work in Somalia, focusing on its efforts to build a more resilient and inclusive future.

Restoring Land, Livelihoods, and Hope

Somalia, particularly the Somaliland region, faces the adverse effects of climate change, including droughts, land degradation, and food scarcity. The GSI has been implementing Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) techniques to help local communities restore degraded land and improve agricultural productivity. This method has proven effective in boosting food security and reducing poverty by regenerating natural vegetation and improving soil fertility.

The focus on drought-resistant tree species like Acacia and Commiphora plays a critical role in combating desertification while enhancing biodiversity. Additionally, these trees provide valuable products such as Gum Arabic and myrrh, contributing to local economies and creating a sustainable foundation for long-term resilience.

Tackling Health and Migration Challenges

Climate change has significantly impacted public health in Somalia, contributing to rising temperatures, malnutrition, and waterborne diseases. By restoring land and improving water management, GSI indirectly addresses health issues by enhancing food security and reducing respiratory health risks through increased vegetation cover.

In addition, migration is a key challenge in Somalia, as droughts and land degradation force many communities to move in search of food and water. CASSANDRA’s initiatives focus on stabilizing communities by making agricultural areas more productive and sustainable, reducing the need for climate-induced migration. These efforts are crucial in ensuring that local populations can remain in their communities and continue to thrive despite environmental challenges.

Empowering Women and Advancing Gender Equality

Climate change disproportionately affects women in Somalia, who are often responsible for securing essential resources like food, water, and fuel. GSI and CASSANDRA’s initiatives emphasize the importance of involving women in land restoration efforts and decision-making processes. By integrating women into climate adaptation strategies, these initiatives empower them economically and socially, fostering stronger, more resilient communities.

Gender-inclusive approaches to land restoration have proven to yield more sustainable outcomes, strengthening the livelihoods of women while ensuring their active participation in environmental conservation efforts. This alignment with gender equality goals ensures that women’s voices are central to the fight against climate change in Somalia.

Innovative Technologies and Community Capacity Building

In addition to traditional land restoration techniques, CASSANDRA and GSI have introduced technological innovations such as solar-powered water pumps and soil moisture sensors. These tools are essential in optimizing water management, especially in drought-prone areas, ensuring that restoration efforts are both modern and effective.

Furthermore, GSI focuses on capacity building, ensuring that communities have the skills and knowledge to manage their land and natural resources sustainably. This approach ensures long-term self-reliance, helping local populations face environmental challenges with confidence and resilience.

Local Climate Forums: Engaging Communities in Climate Solutions

CASSANDRA’s Local Climate Forums in Somalia are designed to bring together community leaders, local populations, and external stakeholders to address climate-related challenges. By fostering dialogue and cooperation, these forums create a platform for local voices to be heard and for collaborative solutions to emerge.

In towns like Hobyo, Baidoa, and Mogadishu, where socio-political challenges intertwine with environmental issues, CASSANDRA’s forums serve as vital spaces for community engagement. Whether addressing resource competition, security concerns, or migration patterns, these forums enable local communities to take ownership of their environmental futures.

Get Involved with CASSANDRA

CASSANDRA invites all interested stakeholders—government agencies, NGOs, research entities, and concerned individuals—to participate in the Local Climate Forums or join the broader effort to monitor and address climate challenges in Somalia.

To learn more about CASSANDRA’s work or participate in their upcoming forums, visit their website or explore their YouTube channel. You can also view their reports, including the CASSANDRA 2023 Conclusions Report, here.

Conclusion

CASSANDRA and GSI’s work in Somalia demonstrates how land restoration, climate adaptation, and community empowerment can create lasting change. By addressing health, migration, and gender equality alongside environmental challenges, these initiatives offer hope for a more resilient and inclusive future for Somali communities facing the harsh realities of climate change.

Through community engagement, capacity building, and innovative solutions, CASSANDRA is leading the way in creating sustainable futures in even the most vulnerable regions. If you are passionate about climate action and community-driven initiatives, join CASSANDRA in their mission to create resilient, empowered communities in Somalia and beyond.

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Empowering Youth for Climate Action: Insights from the Nigeria Future Summit 2024

The Green Institute

The Nigeria Future Summit 2024, held from October 8-9 in Abuja, tagged ‘Empowering Youth Civil Society to Build Stronger Communities in Nigeria Project’ brought together young leaders, climate experts, policymakers, and key stakeholders to discuss urgent climate action and youth inclusion in policy.

With Nigeria reviewing and preparing for NDCs 3.0 submission in 2025 and COP29, the event highlighted the pivotal role that young people can play in shaping climate policy and the necessity for their engagement in the face of Nigeria’s climate challenges. Discussions highlighted the nation’s urgent need for strategic planning to mitigate the impacts of climate change, from southern flooding and coastal erosion to northern droughts, food insecurity, and conflicts. Organized by the Nigeria Youth SDGs and supported by the German Mission in Nigeria, the summit aimed to address the exclusion of youth, women, and persons with disabilities (PWDs) from critical climate decision-making processes.

The first day of the summit featured presentations from 15 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), including The Green Institute, drawn from five states, which are Ondo, Delta, Kaduna, Enugu and Nasarawa. These organizations shared experiences from their grassroots step down training and community dialogue, including successes in raising awareness about climate change, challenges in advocacy, and future strategies for deeper engagement in communities. These local reports were part of broader efforts that will lead to the co-creation of Local Adaptation Plans Actions (LAPA) in the five states, reflecting the unique climate challenges in each region. These plans will be presented to the state governments for integration into local climate strategies.

The second day began with an opening speech by Mr. Joshua Alade, Founder and Executive Director of NGYouthSDGs, who urged Nigerian youth to take proactive roles in climate advocacy. He cited their underrepresentation at COP meetings and the ongoing review Nigeria NCDs 3.0. He highlighted the need for youth inclusion when it comes to national and international climate policies.

A keynote speech by the German Ambassador to Nigeria, Her Excellency Annett Günther, reiterated the global commitment to youth participation in climate action. The Ambassador emphasized that Germany is deeply committed to helping developing countries, including Nigeria, achieve their climate goals, and called for youth to be central in these efforts. She highlighted the importance of turning youth climate ambitions into reality, especially ahead of COP29, and framed climate change as a defining challenge that requires collaboration, resolve, and solidarity between generations.

The first panel discussion, featuring Hon. Rinsola Abiola, SSA to the President on Citizenship and Leadership; Mr.Joshua Alade, Founder, NGYouthSDGs; Mr. Stephen Agugua, ILO National Project Coordinator, and Ms. Bernard Ogechi Mercy (Founder, Eco-cyclers), focused on defining Nigeria’s priorities for COP29. Hon. Rinsola Abiola highlights the role of capacity building in ensuring awareness at the community level. With data being a major issue in Nigeria, he mentioned how AI technology can be used to enhance climate data collection and decision-making. Mr. Stephen Agugua highlighted the impact of climate change on employment, emphasizing that the transition to green energy could create job opportunities in sectors like green jobs. He stressed the committed of ILO in the green economy, particularly through the Nigerian Decent Work Program running from 2023 to 2027, which seeks to create job for the youth. Ms. Bernard Ogechi Mercy encouraged youth to be resilient and persistent in advocating for climate action. She urged young climate activists to believe in their power to create change within their communities. Mr. Alade addressed the barriers young people face in climate policy discussions, particularly their exclusion from past reviews of Nigeria's NDCs. He emphasized the need for platforms that enable youth to engage in climate action effectively. Quoting the President of Nigeria, he stated, “Power is not served a la carte. You have to struggle for power,” reinforcing the idea that youth must actively advocate for their place in decision-making processes to ensure their voices are heard in climate policy discussions

The second panel discussion, focusing on "Youth Leadership in Climate Action: Strategies for Influence and Impact, featured  Mr. Friday Ogezi, Climate Justice Advisor at ActionAid Nigeria; Ms. Chinwe Abuwa, Policy & Advocacy Officer at ONE Campaign; and Mr. Lucky Abeng, Climate Justice Campaigner. Mr. Ogezi emphasized the importance of long-term planning and government support for community-level climate solutions. Ms. Abuwa advocated for financial and educational investments in youth, emphasizing the need for "smart aid" from developed nations to empower scalable solutions. She also called for reforming educational systems to equip youth with the skills necessary to combat climate change. Mr. Abeng emphasized the need to shift from "meaningful youth engagement" to "meaningful youth investment." He highlighted the importance of developing a bottom-up approach to address the climate crisis, pointing out that marginalized youth must actively claim their space in climate action. According to him, youth will not be automatically given a seat at the decision-making table, so strategic planning and proactive steps are crucial for achieving meaningful influence and impact in the climate space.

The summit concluded with a call to action for youth, urging them to continue advocating for space in national and global climate conversations that concern their future. As Nigeria prepares for COP29 and the ongoing review of its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the event re-echoed the necessity of youth involvement in crafting sustainable climate solutions. In line with global goals, the future of Nigeria’s climate policy depends on inclusive, collaborative efforts that leave no one behind, especially the youth, who represent the largest sector of the population.

Finally, it is crucial for youth to awaken and unite in advocating for space in climate policy engagement. As the saying goes, "If you want to go fast, go alone; if you want to go far, go together." The quest for achieving resilience and sustainable communities is significant, but with collaborative efforts, we can make a greater impact. As youth, our voices matter. It is vital that youth voices are amplified and recognized in the climate dialogue to drive meaningful change. #ClimateActionForStrongerNaija #OfficiallyGreen

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Green Fellows September 2024: Environmental Stewardship in Action

At the Green Institute, we are constantly inspired by the passion and commitment of our Green Fellows as they take on various projects that promote sustainability and community engagement. The month of September saw several of our Fellows leading impactful initiatives across different regions. From tree planting to community clean-ups, each Fellow's project contributed meaningfully to the goal of a greener, healthier planet.

Maryam Muhammad: Clean-Up at Bayero University, Kano

On 22nd September 2024, Maryam Muhammad led a successful community clean-up exercise at the Bayero University, Kano main library complex. Alongside four dedicated volunteers, Maryam cleaned the environment surrounding the library, promoting the importance of environmental cleanliness and stewardship. The clean-up was a positive step towards creating a healthier campus environment, while also raising awareness about the need to maintain clean, safe public spaces.

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Ata Ullah: Climate Change Advocacy in Rohingya Refugee Camps

Ata Ullah devoted his September efforts to conducting awareness and advocacy sessions within the Rohingya refugee community on climate change preparedness and environmental sustainability. These sessions highlighted critical issues such as the effects of floods and cyclones, the importance of climate change preparedness, and preventive measures to ensure community safety. Additionally, Ata led a tree-planting initiative to reduce environmental risks and promote greener living spaces. His work left a lasting impact, with community members actively planting trees around their homes, contributing to a safer and more sustainable environment.

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Adebayo Mubarak: Tree Planting with YALI Network in Kano

On 27th September 2024, Adebayo Mubarak participated in a tree planting activity at the 63 Battalion Janguza Barracks in Kano State. Organized in collaboration with the YALI Network, the Bayero University Law Clinic, and the Rotaract Club of Bayero University, Kano, this event aimed to promote environmental sustainability through community engagement. Adebayo's efforts helped foster a sense of environmental responsibility and a commitment to reforestation within the local community.

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Temiloluwa Olabisi: Bodija Clean-Up and Waste Art Project in Ibadan

While Temiloluwa Olabisi was unable to attend the Bodija Clean-Up Project due to an academic commitment, his contributions during the pre-clean-up phase were significant. Adebayo helped promote the event, distributed flyers, and contributed to the innovative "Bodija Waste Art" project. The clean-up event, organized by JCIN University of Ibadanand the EcoVanguard Club University of Ibadan, not only cleaned up Bodija but also raised awareness about environmental care through the creation of eco-friendly crafts and waste art. Adebayo’s involvement in this project demonstrated the power of teamwork and collaboration in making a positive environmental impact.

Edouard Kodji & Ebrima Sissoko: Reforestation Initiatives

Green Fellows Edouard Kodji and Ebrima Sissoko also took part in tree planting activities in their respective communities. Edouard’s efforts contributed to reforestation projects aimed at restoring local ecosystems, while Ebrima worked with community members to plant trees as part of an ongoing campaign for environmental sustainability. These initiatives not only helped combat deforestation but also raised awareness about the importance of trees in protecting the environment and mitigating the effects of climate change.

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Each of these initiatives reflects the Green Institute's core values of sustainability, community empowerment, and environmental stewardship. Through their dedication and leadership, our Green Fellows continue to make a tangible difference in their communities, inspiring others to join in the global fight against climate change and environmental degradation.

Stay tuned for more stories of impact from our Fellows as they continue to create positive change one project at a time!

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Want to become a Green Fellow?

GREEN FELLOWS SPOTLIGHT: Sheriff Ceesay’s Tree-Planting Initiative in The Gambia

At the Green Institute, we are thrilled to showcase the impactful community projects spearheaded by our 2024 Green Fellows. This month, we highlight the remarkable efforts of Sheriff Ceesay, a dedicated Green Fellow and environmental advocate, who recently led a successful tree-planting initiative at The Gambia College Brikama Campus.

On 6th September 2023, Sheriff, alongside a group of passionate students, took action to promote environmental sustainability and ecosystem restoration by planting 36 trees of various species. Each species was carefully selected for its adaptability to the local climate, ensuring their long-term contribution to the restoration of the ecosystem.

The tree-planting exercise not only beautified the surroundings but also served as an educational opportunity for the students involved. Sheriff ensured that students participated in every step of the process, from preparing the planting sites to properly placing and watering the trees. This hands-on approach helped to raise awareness about the importance of reforestation and the critical role it plays in climate change mitigation.

Sheriff shared his thoughts on the event:

“The tree planting initiative was a positive step toward environmental conservation, and the students gained valuable practical experience in contributing to climate change mitigation. The exercise fostered teamwork, environmental responsibility, and a commitment to sustainability among the participants.”

This initiative is a shining example of how local actions can have a significant impact on global environmental challenges. Sheriff’s leadership and dedication to fostering environmental stewardship among students have set a strong foundation for future initiatives aimed at sustainable development in The Gambia.

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To learn more about this project and see it in action, check out the video here and the photos shared by Sheriff here.

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We are excited to continue highlighting the outstanding efforts of our Green Fellows, who are actively working to create a sustainable and resilient future for their communities.

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Want to become a Green Fellow?

GREEN FELLOWS SPOTLIGHT: Pride Nyando’s Clean Energy Initiative in Kisumu County

At the Green Institute, we are proud to showcase the innovative work of our Green Fellows as they take action to address critical environmental challenges in their communities. This month, we feature Pride Nyando, a 2024 Green Fellow and passionate advocate for clean energy in rural Kenya. Through his recent project in Kisumu County, Pride and his team have made significant strides in tackling indoor pollution caused by the use of wood and charcoal as fuel.

Pride, alongside his teammates Silas Ooko and Titus Ayieko, worked in collaboration with the Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) to produce eco-friendly briquettes—a cleaner, affordable, and sustainable alternative to traditional wood fuel. This project was driven by the pressing need to reduce indoor pollution, which has led to many deaths in rural areas, as well as the ongoing issue of deforestation due to the demand for wood and charcoal for cooking.

In Pride’s words:

"Climate change is still a pressing issue in the African continent. Many people have died as a result of indoor pollution. Access to clean, affordable, and eco-friendly sources of energy is still a challenge in many rural areas in Kenya. This has led to deforestation to provide wood fuel. We have taken keen interest in this to provide an alternative clean, eco-friendly, and affordable energy source to solve the problem of indoor pollution."

With support from the Resolution Project, Pride’s team successfully produced 500kg of clean and eco-friendly briquettes, which were distributed to rural households in Kisumu County. This project not only underwent rigorous lab and market testing but has also been proven safe, environmentally friendly, and accessible to the communities it aims to serve. By providing these briquettes, Pride and his team are offering a sustainable solution to reduce indoor pollution and protect the environment from further deforestation.

This clean energy initiative highlights the critical role that social entrepreneurship and community partnerships can play in addressing climate change and improving lives. Pride's commitment to creating a safer and healthier environment aligns perfectly with the Green Institute's mission of promoting sustainability and environmental stewardship.

Pride’s work exemplifies the potential of young leaders to drive meaningful change in their communities, and we are excited to see how this project continues to evolve and expand.

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Stay tuned for more stories of impact from our Green Fellows as they work to create sustainable solutions in their communities.

Want to become a Green Fellow?

GREEN FELLOWS SPOTLIGHT: Hagenimana Innocent’s EcoCycle Initiative in Nyabihu District

The Green Fellows program celebrates individuals who are committed to creating sustainable solutions that impact both people and the planet. This month, we are proud to highlight the inspiring work of Hagenimana Innocent, a 2024 Green Fellow, who is making waves in Nyabihu District, Rwanda, through his project, EcoCycle Farm Ltd.

At EcoCycle Farm, Hagenimana and his team are transforming agriculture and waste management practices for smallholder farmers and local communities. Their mission is simple yet powerful: promote sustainable farming practices that not only improve yields but also protect the environment for future generations.

Hagenimana’s approach combines eco-friendly farming techniques with sustainable composting solutions. By turning organic waste into valuable organic fertilizers, the EcoCycle Farm project provides smallholder farmers with a sustainable resource to improve crop production, while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact of waste.

In his words.

“At EcoCycle Farm, we’re committed to transforming agriculture and waste management for smallholder farmers and local communities. Through our eco-friendly farming techniques, sustainable composting solutions, and organic fertilizers, we aim to promote long-term environmental stewardship.”

— Hagenimana Innocent

Hagenimana outlined three major goals for EcoCycle Farm Ltd:

1. Empowering Farmers – Providing access to organic fertilizers and training in sustainable farming practices to promote healthier and more resilient agriculture.

2. Waste Management – Expanding composting solutions to help reduce environmental waste and improve soil fertility.

3. Community Development – Engaging local communities in collaborative projects that foster growth, sustainability, and resilience.

The EcoCycle Initiative is a shining example of how localized, sustainable projects can benefit both the environment and the communities they serve. By empowering farmers with the tools and knowledge they need for sustainable agriculture, Hagenimana is helping to build a greener future for Nyabihu District and beyond.

Through his commitment to sustainable agriculture, waste management, and community development, Hagenimana Innocent exemplifies the values of the Green Institute. His work not only serves as an inspiration for others in the Green Fellows program but also for individuals and communities across the globe looking to embrace sustainability in their own lives.

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Keep following the Green Institute’s blog as we continue to spotlight our Green Fellows who are driving change and making a difference in their communities.

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GREEN FELLOWS SPOTLIGHT: Peter Aboloje's Campaign for Sustainable Living

At the Green Institute, we believe in transforming passion into purpose, and one of the ways we achieve this is through our Green Fellows program. Every month, our Fellows engage in meaningful community service activities, driven by their commitment to sustainability and positive social impact. This month, we are proud to spotlight the inspiring work of Peter Aboloje, a 2024 Green Fellow, whose journey toward sustainability has struck a deep chord.

Peter, a doctoral student and bioethicist, recently held a campaign awareness program at Kingmakers Academy in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. His campaign, focused on Sustainable Living, engaged children from grades 3, 4, and 5. Peter passionately shared key insights on how to live sustainably and the importance of taking care of the environment. The children were encouraged to make small changes that contribute to a healthier planet—simple yet powerful actions like recycling, conserving water, and reducing waste.

Peter's inspiration for this campaign came from a deeply personal place. In his own words:

“Prior to this moment, I had not taken keen effort to connect with the spirit of David Archuleta’s song ’Glorious,’ until I saw a post from Adenike Akinsemolu, the founder of the Green Institute, on LinkedIn, on how it got her through some tough times. I went online to get the lyrics of the song and listened as it played, with my eyes on every word that makes up the lyrics. It was then, with tears in my eyes and goosebumps all over me, I realized that this is MY STORY ALL ALONG.”

— Peter Aboloje

Peter’s encounter with this song, which resonated so deeply, marked a turning point in his journey as a Green Fellow. Reflecting on his recent community service, Peter shared how overwhelming peace and joy filled him while speaking to the children:

"Today, as part of my monthly task as a Green Fellow, I held a campaign awareness on the need for 'Sustainable Living' for Grade 3, 4 & 5 children at Kingmakers Academy, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. The peace and joy I felt was overwhelming, then I knew indeed I have found the symphony and melody for my life."

Peter's story reminds us of the power of small actions and how they can ripple into profound impacts within our communities. By connecting with young minds and planting the seeds of sustainable living, he is paving the way for a future generation of environmental stewards.

Thank you, Peter, for your dedication and for walking in your purpose. We look forward to seeing more from you and all our Green Fellows in the coming months.

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Stay tuned as we continue to feature more inspiring stories from our 2024 Green Fellows. Together, we are building a sustainable future, one community at a time. 

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Youth-Led Climate Action Takes Centre Stage in Ondo State

Ondo State, Nigeria – September 21, 2024 –

A dynamic initiative to address the growing climate crisis has made a crucial leap forward in Ondo State, Nigeria. The Green Institute, supported by the Network of Youth for Sustainable Initiative (NGYouthSDGs) and the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany Abuja, successfully concluded a two-day Step-Down Training aimed at empowering youth-led civil society organizations (CSOs) to lead climate action in their communities. Held on September 20-21, 2024, the training brought together over 100 participants, with 27 attending in person and 81 joining virtually. The participants represented various CSOs across the state, eager to gain the skills and knowledge necessary to advocate for climate policy reforms, bring youth voices to the centre of climate negotiations, and implement local climate action.

Empowering the Next Generation of Climate Leaders

The training focused on enhancing the capacity of 11 youth-led CSOs to assume leadership roles in climate advocacy and project execution. Critical topics such as climate communication strategies, project planning, and community-led adaptation plans were key highlights of the event. Participants were equipped to develop actionable climate strategies tailored to the unique environmental challenges facing their communities, including ways to influence national policies like the National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

"This initiative is about handing the reins of climate action to young people, women, and persons with disabilities (PWDs) who are directly affected by its consequences," said Ms. Foluke Arijeniwa, Programme Coordinator at The Green Institute. "We believe that by equipping youth with the right tools, they can become powerful advocates and implementers of climate solutions in their communities, while ensuring environmental sustainability and contributing to national climate goals."

Key Outcomes of the Training

• Enhanced Climate Knowledge: Participants reported a remarkable 90% increase in their understanding of climate policy and advocacy techniques, enabling them to better influence local and national climate action.

• Actionable Climate Plans: Each of the 11 CSOs developed comprehensive local climate action plans to address issues such as deforestation, flooding, and desertification in their regions.

• Increased Awareness: Interactive sessions and group activities raised awareness about the importance of local climate solutions, motivating participants to take immediate action in their communities.

Aligning with the Global Agenda for Sustainable Development

The Step-Down Training emphasizes inclusivity by involving youth, women, and persons with disabilities (PWDs), highlighting the commitment to leaving no one behind. This approach supports SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities and SDG 5: Gender Equality, ensuring that marginalized groups are integrated into climate action and advocacy efforts. Additionally, the training aligns with SDG 13: Climate Action, while also contributing to SDG 4: Quality Education and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals. By empowering youth-led CSOs and fostering collaboration, the project demonstrates that local climate action is part of a broader effort to achieve sustainable development globally.

Looking Ahead: Community Dialogue

Following the success of the training, The Green Institute is preparing to host a Community Dialogue session later this month. This event will bring together 80 participants, including community members, government representatives, and local stakeholders, to collaboratively discuss climate adaptation strategies. The dialogue aims to foster collaboration at the grassroots level, ensuring that the voices of those most affected by climate change are included in policy-making and community planning. Youth voices will be central in driving negotiations on climate action and the implementation of both the NAPS and NDCs at local levels.

Challenges and the Path Forward

While the training has laid a solid foundation for youth-led climate action, challenges remain in ensuring sustained engagement and the successful implementation of climate action plans. The Green Institute in partnership with the Network of Youth for Sustainable Initiative (NGYouthSDGs) is committed to providing ongoing support to these youth-led CSOs, assisting them in turning their plans into impactful projects that address deforestation, water scarcity, and other climate-related issues in Ondo State.

"As the project continues, The Green Institute remains dedicated to nurturing these young leaders, fostering long-term sustainability, and ensuring that local solutions to climate challenges are realized," concluded Arijeniwa.

This youth-driven approach to climate action represents a vital step forward in addressing environmental challenges in Nigeria, with Ondo State leading the way as a hub for grassroots climate leadership and the inclusion of youth voices in the global climate agenda.

Photos speak!

Global Warming Alert — Earth Has Passed 1.5° Celsius Milestone

Steve Hanle

CleanTechnica

Ever since the Paris climate agreement in December of 2015, the mantra on everyone’s lips has been, “We need to do everything we can to keep global warming below 1.5° Celsius.” For the past several years, climate scientists have warned that the world was getting dangerously close to exceeding that target and that nations were not doing everything they needed to do to prevent average global temperatures from passing that benchmark.

According to the Copernicus Climate Change Service, average global temperatures between July 2023 and June 2024 were the highest on record, creating a year-long stretch in which the Earth was 1.64° C hotter than in pre-industrial times. Carlo Buontempo, the director of the service which analyzed the data, told The Guardian the results were not a statistical oddity but a “large and continuing shift” in the climate as global warming accelerates. “Even if this specific streak of extremes ends at some point, we are bound to see new records being broken as the climate continues to warm. This is inevitable unless we stop adding greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the oceans.”

Copernicus, a scientific organization that belongs to the EU’s space program, uses billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft, and weather stations to track key climate metrics. It found June 2024 was hotter than any other June on record and was the 12th month in a row with temperatures 1.5° C greater than their average between 1850 and 1900. Because temperatures in some months had “relatively small margins” above 1.5° C, the scientists said, datasets from other climate agencies may not confirm the 12 month global warming trend.

“This is not good news at all,” said Aditi Mukherji, a director at research institute CGIAR and co-author of the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. “We know that extreme events increase with every increment of global warming — and at 1.5C, we witnessed some of the hottest extremes this year.” Some ecosystems are more vulnerable than others. In its latest review of the science, the IPCC found that 1.5° C of warming will kill off 70 to 90% of tropical coral reefs, while warming of 2° C will wipe them out almost entirely.

A survey of hundreds of IPCC authors this year by The Guardian found three-quarters expect global warming to increase by at least 2.5° C by 2100, with about half of the scientists expecting temperatures above 3° C. The increments sound small, but can mean the difference between widespread human suffering and “semi-dystopian” futures. Mukherji compared 1° C of global heating to a mild fever and 1.5° C to a medium to high grade fever. “Now imagine a human body with [that] temperature for years. Will that person function normally any more? That’s currently our Earth system,” she added. “It is a crisis.”

François Gemenne, an IPCC author and director of the Hugo Observatory at the University of Liège, said global warming is not a binary issue. “It is not 1.5° C or death. Every 0.1° C matters a great deal because we’re talking about global average temperatures, which translate into massive temperature gaps locally.” Even in a best-case scenario, he said, people need to prepare for a warmer world and “beef up” response plans. “Adaptation is not an admission that our current efforts are useless.”

WMO Weighs In On Global Warming

The World Meteorological Organization takes a fairly nuanced approach to this latest climate news. It says the global mean near-surface temperature for each year between 2024 and 2028 is predicted to be between 1.1° C and 1.9° C higher than the 1850-1900 baseline and there is an 86% likelihood that at least one of these years will set a new temperature record that exceeds the current record, which belongs to 2023. There is a 47% likelihood that the global temperature averaged over the entire five-year period between 2024 and 2028 will exceed 1.5° C above the pre-industrial era, the WMO says. That’s up from 32% from last year’s report. The chance of at least one of the next five years exceeding 1.5° C has risen steadily since 2015, when it was close to zero.

“Behind these statistics lies the bleak reality that we are way off track to meet the (global warming) goals set in the Paris Agreement,” said WMO Deputy Secretary General Ko Barrett. “We must urgently do more to cut greenhouse gas emissions, or we will pay an increasingly heavy price in terms of trillions of dollars in economic costs, millions of lives affected by more extreme weather and extensive damage to the environment and biodiversity.”

“WMO is sounding the alarm that we will be exceeding the 1.5° C level on a temporary basis with increasing frequency. We have already temporarily surpassed this level for individual months — and indeed as averaged over the most recent 12 month period. However, it is important to stress that temporary breaches do not mean that the 1.5° C goal is permanently lost because this refers to long term warming over decades,” Barrett added.

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said, “We are playing Russian roulette with our planet. We need an exit ramp off the highway to climate hell. And the good news is that we have control of the wheel. The battle to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees will be won or lost in the 2020s — under the watch of leaders today.”

Even at current levels of global warming, there are already devastating climate impacts, the WMO says. These include more extreme heatwaves, extreme rainfall events and droughts; reductions in ice sheets, sea ice, and glaciers; and accelerating sea level rise and ocean heating. “We are living in unprecedented times, but we also have unprecedented skill in monitoring the climate and this can help inform our actions. This string of hottest months will be remembered as comparatively cold (in the future), but if we manage to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in the very near future we might be able to return to these “cold” temperatures by the end of the century,” said Carlo Buontempo said.

The Takeaway

Are you getting this? The blistering temperatures happening all around the world today may be relatively cold in the not too distant future if average global temperatures continue to rise. And yet the United States, which may not be the most important countries in the world anymore but still exerts a powerful influence on how other countries deal with the gathering global warming crisis, is poised to elect an aged buffoon with a bad combover who promises to increase the production of fossil fuels beyond anything previously seen.

List of threatened species grows by 1,000, but conservation efforts bring hope for some animals

TAIWO ADEBAYO
AP NEWS

An Iberian lynx is visible in Doñana National Park, in Aznalcazar, Spain on Sept. 28, 2018. (AP Photo/Antonio Pizarro)

Over 45,000 species are now threatened with extinction — 1,000 more than last year — according to an international conservation organization that blames pressures from climate change, invasive species and human activity such as illicit trade and infrastructural expansion.

Two pygmy elephants cross the road in Taliwas forest on Malaysia’s Sabah state on Borneo Island, July 21, 2005. (AP Photo/Vincent Thian)

The International Union for Conservation of Nature released its latest Red List of Threatened Species on Thursday. Now in its 60th year, the list sounds the alarm about animals and plants at risk of extinction, but it also highlights conservation success stories such as the Iberian lynx.

The list now includes 163,040 species, an increase of about 6,000 from last year. Copiapoa cacti, native to Chile’s Atacama coastal desert, the Bornean elephant and the Gran Canaria giant lizard are among the threatened species, IUCN revealed.

Social media trend among extinction drivers

Copiapoa cacti have long been coveted as decorative plants, driving an illegal trade that has been amplified by social media where enthusiasts and traders showcase and sell the cacti.

A staggering 82% of the species is now at risk of extinction, a significant jump from 55% in 2013, the report said.

IUCN said that the decline is due to the surge in demand for the Chilean cacti in Europe and Asia as ornamental species. The smugglers and poachers facilitating the trade, the organization said, have gained increased accessibility to the plants’ habitat due to roads and housing expansion in the Atacama area.

“It is easy to distinguish if copiapoa cacti have been poached or grown in a greenhouse,” said Pablo Guerrero, a member of the IUCN’s group on the plants. “Poached copiapoa have a grey tone and are coated in a dusty-looking bloom that protects the plants in one of the driest deserts on Earth, whereas cultivated plants appear greener.”

The 2024 update also highlights the Asian elephant in Borneo as an endangered species. It is estimated that only about 1,000 Bornean elephants remain in the wild, according to IUCN analysis.

A pair of Iberian Lynx play together in the surroundings of the Doñana National Park, in Aznalcazar, Spain on Oct. 2, 2018. (AP Photo/Antonio Pizarro)

The population has decreased over the past 75 years primarily due to extensive logging of Borneo’s forests, destroying much of the elephants’ habitat. Conflicts with humans, habitat loss due to agriculture and timber plantations, mining and infrastructure development, poaching, exposure to agrochemicals, and vehicle collisions also threaten the species, the IUCN said.

The list also revealed the “staggering” decline of endemic reptiles — the giant lizard and skink — on the Canary Islands and Ibiza due to predation by the invasive snakes.

One species’ ‘greatest recovery’

In a contrasting tale, conservation efforts have revived the Iberian lynx from the brink of extinction, with the population increasing from 62 mature individuals in 2001 to 648 in 2022 and more than 2,000 now.

Once considered one of the most endangered wild cat species in the world, their population declined by 87% and the number of breeding females dropped by more than 90% between 1985 and 2001, according to Canada-based International Society for Endangered Cats.

The species was revived by restoring the Iberian lynx’s natural Mediterranean scrub and forest habitat as well as increasing the abundance of its primary prey, the European rabbit. Conservation efforts have also involved increasing the lynx’s genetic diversity by relocating them to new areas and breeding them in controlled environments.

Since 2010, more than 400 Iberian lynx have been reintroduced to parts of Portugal and Spain, IUCN said.

It is “the greatest recovery of a cat species ever achieved through conservation,” said Francisco Javier Salcedo Ortiz, who led the conservation action for the Iberian lynx.

But with threats remaining, mainly from fluctuations of their prey’s population, poaching and road kills, Salcedo Ortiz said “there is still a lot of work to do to ensure that Iberian lynx populations survive.”

World Environment Day 2024 from Dr. Susan Gardner-Director, Ecosystems Division, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Kenya.

Dr. Susan Gardner, Chair of the 2024 World Environment Day Virtual Symposium and Director of the Ecosystems Division at the United Nations Environment Programme, gave the welcoming remarks and spoke on 'Land Restoration, Desertification, and Drought Resilience' at this year's World Environment Day. Annually, professionals and well-known individuals gather for World Environment Day to exchange their insightful perspectives on environmental issues. The theme for this year's event is 'Generation Restoration.' For more information, please visit https://greeninstitute.ng/wed2024. #WED2024 #WorldEnvironmentDay

Protecting just 1.2% of Earth’s land could save most-threatened species, says study

Patrick Greenfield

THE GUARDIAN NEWS

Study identifies 16,825 sites around the world where prioritising conservation would prevent extinction of thousands of unique species

The Masungi georeserve near Manila. The Philippines is one of five countries that are home to more than half of the sites identified by the study. It is also Asia’s deadliest country for environmental defenders. Photograph: Jes Aznar/Getty

Protecting just 1.2% of the Earth’s surface for nature would be enough to prevent the extinction of the world’s most threatened species, according to a new study.

Analysis published in the journal Frontiers in Science has found that the targeted expansion of protected areas on land would be enough to prevent the loss of thousands of the mammals, birds, amphibians and plants that are closest to disappearing.

From Argentina to Papua New Guinea, the team of researchers identified 16,825 sites that should be prioritised for conservation in the next five years to prevent imminent extinctions of animals and plants found nowhere else.

Dr Eric Dinerstein, of the environmental organisation Resolve and lead author of the study, said the team were trying to identify the world’s rarest species with limited habitats, using the example of the peyote cactus, whose remaining range may be limited to small parts of the Chihuahuan desert in North America.

“Most species on Earth are rare, meaning that species either have very narrow ranges or they occur at very low densities or both,” he said.

A peyote cactus in flower, whose range is limited to parts of the Chihuahuan desert in North America. Photograph: Martin Bond/Alamy

This study is focused on how imminent extinctions can be averted, not on everything that would be needed to restore nature on Earth. Scientists say that more than expanding protected areas is needed to prevent the destruction of biodiversity and maintain ecosystems crucial to human societies. In 2020, the researchers identified half of the Earth’s land surface that, if protected, would reverse biodiversity loss and enhance natural carbon removal.

Of the sites identified, which the authors called “conservation imperatives”, 38% are within one and a half miles (2.5km) of an existing protected area, indicating that they could be potential quick wins. The Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar and Colombia were together home to more than half of the sites.

In 2022, governments pledged to protect 30% of the planet for nature as part of the UN biodiversity targets, among more than 20 aiming to halt the rampant loss of nature around the world by the end of this decade. According to the UN, 16.6% of the world’s land surface and inland waters are protected, and many governments are in the process of deciding where to expand conservation areas.

However, the study found that governments were often failing to safeguard the biodiverse areas that were most urgently in need of protection. The authors estimated that just 7% of sites in new protected areas between 2018 and 2023 were home to the most threatened species.

Dinerstein said: “Despite the recent talk of extinction, the biodiversity crisis and what we should be doing, only 7% of the new protected areas between 2018 and 2023 overlapped with the conservation imperative sites.

“It’s almost as if countries are using a reverse-selection algorithm and picking the non-rare sites to add to the global areas under protection. The call to arms of this paper is that we have to be doing a much better job in the next five years and it is doable.”

Endangered African wild dogs in South Luangwa national park, Zambia. The species is threatened by habitat fragmentation. Photograph: Nature Picture Library/Alamy

Protecting the key sites they identify would cost $29bn-$46bn (£23bn-£36bn) over the next five years, and cover 1.6m sq km (630,000 sq miles), the researchers said. It could be done through a combination of land purchases, expanding Indigenous rights and land titles, and creating protected areas on government-owned land.

The study compared global data about mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and plants with existing protected areas, using satellite analysis to identify the remaining habitat for threatened species. Most of the areas identified for urgent protection were in the tropics but grasslands, temperate broadleaf forests and tundra were also identified.

Prof Neil Burgess, who is chief scientist at the UN Environment Programme’s World Conservation Monitoring Centre, which is responsible for monitoring global progress on expanding protected areas, said the research was a useful proposal for immediate action on extinctions.

The paper, said Burgess, was an important reminder “that achieving 30% coverage by protected and conserved areas on its own is not enough, and that it is the location, quality and effectiveness of these protected and conserved areas that will determine whether they fulfil their role in contributing to halting biodiversity loss.”

UN World Water Day 2023: Accelerating Change

Summary

In this powerful video, we are reminded of the current water crisis affecting the world and the urgent need to take action. Women from various communities in Africa are particularly affected by this crisis, spending several hours every day collecting contaminated water, which poses significant health risks to them and their families. However, this is not solely a gender or African problem, as over 663 million people worldwide consume unsafe and contaminated water, which poses a severe threat to their health and wellbeing.

The video also highlights the hope that exists, as clean water can change everything, from improving health and increasing school attendance to empowering women and boosting economies. We are encouraged to take action in our own lives, conserve water, support organizations working towards providing clean water, and advocate for policies prioritizing access to safe water and sanitation for all. The video ends with the inspiring story of the hummingbird, reminding us that we all have a role to play in addressing the water crisis. Despite feeling insignificant, we must take action and make changes in our lives to tackle the issue.

Together, our small efforts can add up to significant changes, accelerating progress and making a real difference for communities worldwide. Narrated by Adenike Akinsemolu, this video is a call to action on this #WorldWaterDay, urging us to become #OfficiallyGreen and work together to create a world where clean water is accessible to everyone, regardless of their circumstances. Join us in the fight for clean water by visiting officiallygreen.org and learning more about the crisis and how you can help.

Millions in US face extreme-heat threat as experts urge better protections

Nina Lakhani

THE GUARDIAN

Recommendations include heat forecasts and outdoor-worker safeguards to prevent thousands of deaths and injuries

Millions of Americans face the threat of dangerous heatwaves in the coming weeks with another summer of record-breaking temperatures forecast to hit the US.

Most of New Mexico and Utah – alongside parts of Arizona, Texas and Colorado – have the highest chance (60% to 70%) of seeing hotter-than-average summer temperatures, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Noaa). In addition, the entire north-east – from Maine down to Pennsylvania and New Jersey – as well as a large stretch from Louisiana to Arizona, Washington and Idaho, have a 40% to 50% chance of experiencing above-average temperatures from June through August.

Only south-west Alaska is expected to have below-normal temperatures.

“We can expect another dangerous hot summer season, with daily records already being broken in parts of Texas and Florida,” said Kristy Dahl, principal climate scientist for the Climate and Energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists.

“As we warm the planet, we are going to see climate disasters pile up and compound against each other because of the lack of resilience in our infrastructure and government systems.”

Texas has already been hit with a series of tornadoes, unprecedented floods and record-breaking temperatures. Earlier in May, temperatures spiked as hundreds of thousands of households around Houston were left without power after a destructive storm killed at least seven people and damaged transmission towers and power lines.

The storm, which barreled through New Orleans and into northern Florida, was tied to a record-shattering heatwave pummeling Central America, which has caused schools to close and crops to perish. All this heat is being driven by a heat dome, a powerful area of high pressure, which has been hovering over Mexico for weeks, causing record-breaking temperatures across the country, including unusually hot and sweltering nights in Mexico City, where fears are rising over dwindling water supplies, the national grid and the elevated risk of wildfires.

Meanwhile, smoke from Canadian wildfires has already blanketed parts of the midwest.

The 2024 summer forecast comes at what appears to be the tail end of El Niño, a natural climate phenomenon that is expected to be replaced by its equally impactful counterpart, La Niña. This switch from El Niño to La Niña will exacerbate global heating to generate hotter-than-average summer temperatures for most of the US.

But temperature records are being smashed globally, year after year, as greenhouse gasses released by burning fossil fuels warm the planet.

More than two-thirds of all Americans were under heat alerts in 2023 – the hottest year on record for the planet, which was followed by the warmest winter on record. Noaa, health officials and some local governments are stepping up plans to better prepare for extreme heat, which is increasingly striking in areas unused to – and unprepared for – dangerous temperatures.

HeatRisk, a new online tool from Noaa and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provides seven-day forecasts focused on the dangers of extreme heat, taking into account cumulative impacts of heat by identifying the expected duration of the heat, including both daytime and nighttime temperatures.

According to official figures, there are around 1,200 heat deaths annually, but that is likely to be a serious undercount due to local variations in reporting and investigating heat-related fatalities. Older adults, children, pregnant people, people with substance-use issues and unsheltered populations are among the most vulnerable to extreme heat.

This year could prove particular perilous for outdoor workers across the US, but especially in Florida after the Republican-controlled state followed Texas in banning towns and cities from enacting regulations guaranteeing workers access to life-saving shade, water and breaks. (A Texas county court judge struck down the 2023 so-called “Death Star law” as unconstitutional, and it’s now heading to the Texas supreme court, which is made up entirely of Republican judges).

In contrast, Washington and Oregon expedited heat-protection laws for outdoor workers after the 2021 heat bomb caught the Pacific north-west unprepared and left hundreds dead. They joined California, Nevada and Minnesota as the only states with statewide occupational heat standards, though five others including New York are in the process of securing them.

According to a report by Public Citizen, as many as 2,000 workers die of heatstroke, kidney failure and heat-induced cardiac arrest annually, and 170,000 workers are injured from laboring in extreme heat.

Phoenix, Arizona – the US’s hottest city – is bracing itself for another scorching year. Last year, Phoenix suffered a month of consecutive days over 110F (43C) and a record 645 heat deaths – a 700% rise over the past decade. The city’s office of extreme heat, which was created in 2021 amid soaring heat mortality and morbidity, is extending opening hours for some larger cooling centers this summer, and will expand its tree-planting program to improve shade in the most marginalized neighborhoods. It’s unclear what impact the city’s decision to evict a large downtown homeless encampment – where many services are located – will have on heat deaths, as 45% of last year’s fatalities involved unsheltered people.

This summer could prove to be the hottest on record, followed by a potentially record-breaking hurricane season, with as many as 25 named storms including 13 hurricanes forecast by Noaa.

“Record global warmth is often tied to El Niño, but as we transition to La Niña, it still looks to be a potentially record-breaking year. That clearly suggests to me that the anthropogenic signal is there,” said meteorologist James Marshall Shepherd, director of the University of Georgia’s atmospheric sciences program. “I am also worried about the ocean temperatures, which are very warm, particularly as we approach the Atlantic hurricane season. That’s bad news, particularly since La Niña already tends to be associated with more active seasons.”

And unless the world can wean itself off fossil fuels, the future looks even hotter.

Shepherd added: “Attribution studies are pretty decisive that heatwaves will continue to be more intense and frequent. These are not your grandparents’ heatwaves.”

UNITED NATIONS-The facts on climate and energy

United Nations

Climate change is a hot topic – with myths and falsehoods circulating widely. Find some essential facts here. Share them, use them and talk about them to help counter mis- and disinformation and build support for urgent action.

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FACT: Climate change is happening

Climate change is already affecting every region on Earth. Changes in rainfall patterns, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, a warming ocean, and more frequent and intense extreme weather events are just some of the changes already impacting millions of people. (IPCC)

Climate change can affect our health, ability to grow food, housing, safety and work. Some of us are more vulnerable to climate impacts, such as people living in small island developing countries. Threats like sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion have advanced to the point where whole communities have had to relocate. In the future, the number people displaced by climate change is expected to rise.

The changes in the climate are widespread, rapid and intensifying, and some of the changes, such as sea level rise or melting ice sheets, are irreversible over hundreds to thousands of years. (IPCC)

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Illustration: UN DGC

FACT: Climate change is caused by human activity

Natural changes in the sun’s activity or large volcanic eruptions have caused ancient shifts in the Earth’s temperatures and weather patterns, but over the last 200 years, these natural causes have not significantly affected global temperatures. Today, it’s human activities that are causing climate change, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. (IPCC)

Burning fossil fuels creates a blanket of pollution trapping the sun’s heat on Earth and raising global temperatures. (Global warming then leads to other changes like droughts, water scarcity, severe fires, rising sea levels, flooding, melting polar ice, intense storms and declining biodiversity.)

The more of this pollution, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), accumulates in the atmosphere, the more of the sun’s heat gets trapped, the warmer it gets on Earth. There is a strong relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and the increase in global surface temperature. (IPCC)

The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has been increasing at an unprecedented rate since the Industrial Revolution, when manual labor began to be replaced by machinery fueled by coal, oil and gas. Today, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is about 50% higher than in 1750, far exceeding the natural changes over at least the past 800,000 years. (IPCC)

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IPCC

FACT: Scientists agree that humans are responsible for climate change

Multiple independent studies over the past 19 years have found that between 90 and 100 percent of scientists agree that humans are responsible for climate change, with most of the studies finding a 97 percent consensus.

A 2021 study found a greater than 99 percent consensus on human-induced climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature (reviewed by export in the same field prior to publication) - a level of certainty similar to that of the theory of evolution.

The Synthesis Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released in March 2023, categorically confirmed that human activity is the overwhelming cause of climate change. The IPCC’s comprehensive assessments are written by hundreds of leading scientists from around the globe, with contributions from thousands of experts, and endorsed by the governments of every country in the world.

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Graphic: UNFCCC

FACT: Every fraction of a degree of warming matters

With every increment of global warming, extreme heat and rainfall events become more frequent and more intense. (IPCC)

Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, from human activities are responsible for approximately 1.1°C of warming since 1850-1900. (IPCC) This has already caused significant changes in the climate, including more extreme weather events, which have caused widespread harm to people and nature. (IPCC)

If global warming exceeds 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, there will be more heat waves, longer warm seasons and shorter cold seasons. At 2°C of global warming, extreme heat would more often cross critical tolerance thresholds with devastating impacts on agriculture and human health. Increasing changes to wetness and dryness, to winds, snow and ice, coastal areas and oceans, will affect different regions in different ways. (IPCC)

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FACT: The climate is changing faster than humans, plants and animals can adapt

If global temperatures keep rising, adapting to climate change will become increasingly difficult, especially for poorer countries. A small island, for example, may become uninhabitable due to sea level rise and lack of sufficient freshwater. In that case, inhabitants may have no other option than to abandon their homes. (IPCC)

Adaptation alone cannot keep up with the impacts of climate change. Adaptation is crucial for saving lives and livelihoods, but humans’ ability to adapt to climate change is not limitless. (Insights)

Rising sea levels that submerge coastal communities and extreme heatwaves intolerable to the human body are examples of ‘hard’ limits to our ability to adapt. (UNFCCC)

With increasing global warming, losses and damages will increase and more human and natural systems will reach the limits of their ability to adapt. Many species and ecosystems are already near or beyond their adaptation limits. (IPCC)

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Illustration: UN DGC

FACT: Climate change is a major threat to people’s health

The impacts of climate change are harming human health – through air pollution, disease, extreme weather events, forced displacement, food insecurity and pressures on mental health – and will only get worse with every fraction of a degree of warming. (WHO)

The main cause of climate change – the burning of coal, oil and gas – also causes air pollution which in turn can lead to respiratory diseases, strokes, and heart attacks. More than 8.7 million people currently die every year due to outdoor air pollution. (REN21)

Replacing fossil fuel-based power plants with renewable energy, such as wind or solar farms, will greatly benefit human health. Wind turbines and solar panels do not release emissions that pollute the air or cause global warming. (REN21)

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Graphic: UN DGC

FACT: Natural gas is a fossil fuel, not a clean source of energy

Natural gas is a fossil fuel like oil and coal – formed from the remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms that lived millions of years ago. When burned, it releases carbon pollution into the atmosphere.

Burning natural gas was responsible for 22 per cent of global carbon emissions from fuel combustion in 2020 (not far behind oil, 32 per cent, and coal, 45 per cent). (IEA)

In addition, the extraction and transport of natural gas often releases methane – a powerful greenhouse gas – into the atmosphere. Natural gas production was responsible for 40 million tons of methane emissions in 2021 – about the same amount of methane emissions as from the oil industry. (IEA) (Methane is about 84 times more potent than CO2, measured over a 20-year period). (UNEP)

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FACT: Clean energy technologies produce far less carbon pollution than fossil fuels

Clean energy technologies – from wind turbines and solar panels to electric vehicles and battery storage – do require a wide range of minerals and metals (IEA), and produce thus some emissions, but still far less than fossil fuels. (IEA)

Solar panels produced today only need to operate for 4-8 months to make up for their manufacturing emissions (and the average solar panel has a lifetime of around 25-30 years). (IEA). Wind turbines, similarly, take only about 7 months to produce enough clean electricity to make up for the carbon pollution generated during manufacture (and they have a typical lifespan of 20-25 years). (ScienceDirect)

Most of the carbon pollution generated during a wind turbine’s life occurs during manufacturing. Once it’s up and spinning, the turbine generates close to zero pollution. A coal or natural gas plant, in contrast, burns fuel — and releases carbon dioxide — every moment that it runs. (Yale)

Even the most carbon-intensive wind turbine is responsible for far less carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced than any coal or natural gas-fired power plant. (Coal-fired power plants produce 675 to 1.689 grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour, while natural gas power plants produce 437 to 758 grams — far more than on- and offshore wind which produce, on average, 15 and 12 grams (UNECE), or even the most carbon-intensive wind turbine at 25.5 grams). (Yale)

Electric vehicles, over their lifecycle, from manufacturing to disposal, produce about half the carbon emissions of the average internal combustion engine car, with the potential for a further 25 per cent reduction with low-carbon electricity. (IEA)

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Photo: Middelgruden offshore wind farm in Denmark. UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe

FACT: Entire countries already rely on nearly 100 percent renewable electricity

Costa Rica, Norway, Iceland, Paraguay and Uruguay power their grids with hydro, geothermal, wind and solar energy. (REN21)

Some provinces and sub-national states also use nearly 100 percent renewables-based electricity: South Australia, Quebec (Canada) and Qinghai (China), as well as the islands of Ta’u (American Samoa), Eigg (Scotland) and El Hierro (Spain). (REN21)

Scotland and South Australia have met more than 100 percent of their total electricity demand with wind and solar, sometimes exporting their surplus. (REN21)

Other regions have generated surplus electricity with hydropower: Paraguay and Quebec both export their surplus hydropower. (REN21)

NOTE: No examples exist of fully renewable-based energy systems that span the electricity, heating, cooling, and transport sectors (the above examples cover only electricity). The foundations of such systems are now being laid, including the technologies, infrastructure and markets. (REN21)

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Graphic: Carbon Brief

FACT: Renewable energy will soon be the world’s top source of electricity

Renewable energy sources – such as water, geothermal, wind and solar – are available in every country, and their potential is yet to be fully harnessed.

Almost 30 per cent of global electricity comes from renewables today. (IEA)

By 2050, 90 per cent of the world’s electricity can and should come from renewable energy. (IRENA)

The world is set to add as much renewable power in the next 5 years as it did in the past 20. (IEA)

Renewables are projected to become the largest source of global electricity generation by early 2025, surpassing coal. (IEA)

In many regions, renewables are the fastest-growing energy source. (IEA)

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Graphic: UN DGC

FACT: Renewable energy is cheaper than fossil fuels

In most parts of the world, electricity from new renewable-energy plants, such as wind or solar, is now cheaper than power from new fossil fuel plants. (IRENA)

New onshore wind and solar projects cost roughly 40 percent less than coal or gas plants built from scratch—and the gap is widening. (BloombergNEF). The world has witnessed a seismic shift in the competitiveness of renewable power options since 2010: Solar has experienced the most rapid cost reductions, with costs of newly commissioned utility-scale projects falling 88 percent globally between 2010 and 2021 - mostly thanks to continuing technology improvements, greater economies of scale and reduced financing costs for wind and solar power plants. The cost of onshore wind fell by 68 percent, and offshore wind by 60 percent since 2010. (IRENA)

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Photo: UNDP Cambodia

FACT: Solar panels and wind turbines make good use of land

All energy sources require land: from the plot used for mining coal, to the land taken up by a power plant.

Wind farms require a lot of land, but while a coal mine is used just once, a wind farm continues to produce energy, year after year. Over time, an acre of wind or solar can generate more electricity than an acre of coal or uranium mines.

Land used for solar and wind farms can be “dual-use” – used for energy production and agriculture at the same time. Once built, a solar or wind farm has so little impact on its land that it is increasingly common to allow grazing and farming on the same acres at the same time.

Solar panels do not need to be installed directly on the ground, they can be put on existing structures like rooftops, roads or parking lot canopies, over canals and on agricultural land, and even floated on lakes and ponds.

In South-East Asia and Africa, where solar projects tend to compete with agricultural land, “agrivoltaics” and “floatovoltaics” allow agricultural land and water to be “dual-used” for solar panels without compromising water and food resources. (REN21)

Solar farms can also be installed on land that is not suitable for other uses – deserts, landfills, old coal mines or contaminated territory (Chernobyl now hosts a solar plant).

Solar panels can be put anywhere on Earth because the sun shines everywhere. No other type of electricity generation can match this flexibility.

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Photo: WMO/Boris Baran

FACT: Renewable energy is better at withstanding extreme weather events

Weather affects all energy sources. (IEA)

Gas-fired power plants could not keep up with electricity demand during the exceptionally cold weather in Texas, in the United States, in February 2021, leaving up to 5 million customers without power over a period of four days – primarily due to frozen gas wells and power outages in gas generators. Coal and nuclear plants also experienced outages. (IEA)

Increasing the share of wind and solar in the energy mix improves electricity security: a well-diversified energy mix can reduce the risks that come from disruptions in the supply of fossil fuels . Small-scale generators, such as distributed wind and solar panels, can also speed the recovery of communities from disasters or large-scale blackouts, while large thermal power plants take longer to resume normal operations since they need a large part of the system to be restored. (IEA)

Systems with distributed resources can be more resilient than centralized systems. Renewable energy technologies reduce vulnerability to climate risks by diversifying the sources of power and using battery storage and smart information technology.

Solar energy can also provide energy for emergency communication and natural disaster response in remote areas.

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Graphic: UN DGC

FACT: The transition to clean energy will create millions of jobs

The transition to net-zero emissions (away from fossil fuels and towards clean sources of energy) is projected to lead to an overall increase in jobs in the energy sector: about 5 million jobs in fossil fuel production could be lost by 2030, but an estimated 14 million new jobs would be created in clean energy, resulting in a net gain of 9 million jobs globally. (IEA)

The number continued to grow worldwide over the past decade, with most jobs in the solar photovoltaic, bioenergy, hydropower and wind power industries. (IRENA). The renewable energy sector employed 12.7 million people, directly and indirectly, in 2022, up from about 7.3 million in 2012. (IRENA)

Tens of millions of additional jobs will likely be created in the coming decades as investments grow and installed capacities expand. By 2050, the renewable energy sector is expected to employ at least 42 million people. Energy efficiency measures would create 21 million additional jobs and system flexibility 15 million additional jobs. (IRENA)

Every dollar of investment in renewables creates three times more jobs than in the fossil fuel industry. (SG)

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Photo: IFAD

FACT: Alternatives to petroleum-based products already exist

Many everyday products are still produced using oil or other fossil fuels. The process of extracting and transporting those fuels, then manufacturing the products creates lots of carbon emissions. Most plastics, clothing, tires, digital devices, fertilizer, laundry detergents and countless other everyday items are made from petrochemicals. (IEA)

The production of plastic is one of the most energy-intensive manufacturing processes in the world. The material is made from fossil fuels such as crude oil, which are transformed via heat and other additives into a polymer. In 2019, plastics generated 1.8 billion metric tonnes of carbon emissions – 3.4 per cent of the global total. (UNEP)

But there are alternatives. Plastic can be made fully or partially from plant materials, such as cellulose, potato or corn starch, sugar cane, maize and soy, instead of petroleum or natural gas. Bio-based plastic can be designed to be structurally identical to petroleum-based plastics. (UNEP)

A variety of carbon- and hydrogen-containing materials can replace oil, natural gas and coal as chemical feedstocks. Key among these are bioenergy products, which are a source of both carbon and hydrogen. Alternatively, each element can be obtained separately from gases produced by the iron and steel industry or from CO2 and water. (IEA)

Replacing the fossils fuels used to manufacture plastics or fertilizer is possible with biomass (organic material from plants and animals). The hydrocarbons in coal, oil and gas themselves originally came from biomass millions of years ago.

There is an enormous opportunity to produce these materials without fossil fuels. For example, bioplastics make up only about 1% of the plastic produced worldwide today. (IEA) However, using plant-based materials must be thoughtfully designed to take into account environmental, social, and economic factors across ecosystems and communities.

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Graphic: UN DGC

FACT: We can still limit climate change, if we act now!

The choices we make today will determine the changes in the climate we will experience in the future. (IPCC)

Large and sustained reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide and of other greenhouse gas emissions would limit climate change. (IPCC)

If we act now, we can limit climate change and preserve a livable planet.

We have the knowledge, tools and resources to secure a livable, sustainable future for all.

UNITED NATIONS-Actions for a healthy planet

UNITED NATIONS

The Sustainable Development Goals spell out how we can protect our environment and slow climate change, from forests to oceans to everywhere in between. Think about your electricity use and your travel. Check your dinner table. Reuse whatever you can. The possibilities for action are many – and add up fast.

Greenhouse gas emissions per person vary greatly among countries. In the United States of America, per capita emissions are more than double the world average of 6.5 tons of CO2 equivalent, while in India they are less than half the world average. Globally, the 10 percent of the population with the highest income accounts for nearly half of all emissions.

Here are some actions to reduce your impact on the environment.

Save energy at home

Much of our electricity and heat are powered by coal, oil and gas. Use less energy by reducing your heating and cooling use, switching to LED light bulbs and energy-efficient electric appliances, washing your laundry with cold water, or hanging things to dry instead of using a dryer. Improving your home’s energy efficiency, through better insulation for instance, or replacing your oil or gas furnace with an electric heat pump can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 900 kilograms of CO2e per year.

Walk, bike or take public transport

The world’s roadways are clogged with vehicles, most of them burning diesel or gasoline. Walking or riding a bike instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas emissions -- and help your health and fitness. For longer distances, consider taking a train or bus. And carpool whenever possible. Living car-free can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 2 tons of CO2e per year compared to a lifestyle using a car.

Change your home's source of energy

Ask your utility company if your home energy comes from oil, coal or gas. If possible, see if you can switch to renewable sources such as wind or solar. Or install solar panels on your roof to generate energy for your home. Switching your home from oil, gas or coal-powered energy to renewable sources of energy, such as wind or solar, can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 1.5 tons of carbon dioxide emission per year.

Consider your travel

Airplanes burn large amounts of fossil fuels, producing significant greenhouse gas emissions. That makes taking fewer flights one of the fastest ways to reduce your environmental impact. When you can, meet virtually, take a train, or skip that long-distance trip altogether. Taking one less long-haul return flight can reduce your carbon footprint by up to almost 2 tons of carbon dioxide emission.

Switch to an electric vehicle

If you plan to buy a car, consider going electric, with more and cheaper models coming on the market. In many countries, electric cars help reduce air pollution and cause significantly fewer greenhouse gas emissions than gas or diesel-powered vehicles. But many electric cars still run on electricity produced from fossil fuels, and the batteries and engines require rare minerals which often come with high environmental and social costs. Switching from a gasoline or diesel-powered car to an electric vehicle can reduce your carbon footprint by up to 2 tons of carbon dioxide emission per year. A hybrid vehicle can save you up to 700 kilograms of CO2e per year.

Reduce, reuse, repair and recycle

Electronics, clothes, plastics and other items we buy cause carbon emissions at each point in production, from the extraction of raw materials to manufacturing and transporting goods to market. To protect the climate, buy fewer things, shop second-hand, and repair what you can. Plastics alone generated 1.8 billion metric tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 – 3.4 percent of the global total. Less than 10 percent is recycled, and once plastic is discarded, it can linger for hundreds of years. Buying fewer new clothes – and other consumer goods – can also reduce your carbon footprint. Every kilogram of textiles produced generates about 17 kilograms of CO2