Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice
Volume 13, Issue 3, November 1997, Pages 455-469
Sanjay Kapil DVM, PhD, Randall J.Basaraba DVM, PhD
Abstract
A number of viruses have been proven to be primary respiratory pathogens of cattle. Viruses may play an important role in making cattle susceptible to secondary respiratory bacterial pathogens. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and important properties in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), and bovine respiratory coronavirus (BRCV) are described in this article.
Keywords
rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory coronavirus