LAW OF THE DANCE: LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR PROMOTING APPROPRIATE MUSIC CONTENT IN NIGERIA

Augustina T. Clark*

ABSTRACT

The Nigerian music industry has evolved from humble beginnings. It has witnessed a rapid ascendance from ancient cultural songs based on the norms and customs of the people around where the music emanated, to a global multi-billion-naira industry. The industry is largely regulated by the National Broadcasting Commission, National Film and Video Censors Board, and the Copyright Protection laws and other interest bodies. These institutions have statutory roles to review and censure music contents that overstep or collide with cultural, legal, ethical or intellectual property requirements or norms. However, the recent rise in the rate of release and production of lewd, inappropriate and culturally incompatible music contents in the Nigerian music industry have generated calls for a closer review of how regulatory institutions can be strengthened to effectively address the negative impacts of contemporary music on Nigerian laws and norms, especially among youths. This article evaluates the roles of law in regulating the contemporary music industry in Nigeria to ensure coherence and compatibility with ethical, legal and cultural norms. It analyses how current regulatory institutions in Nigeria can be strengthened to effectively discharge their regulatory roles of ensuring the appropriateness of music content for the good of the Nigerian society.

Keywords: Music, appropriate content, videos, lyrics, effects, youths, culture.

Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v6i1.13

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* LLB (Benin), BL (Abuja), LLM (Ibadan), Doctoral Candidate (Unilorin), Member (DCON) (Professional Negotiator and Arbitrator). Contact: tobotina@yahoo.com; clarkau@abuad.edu.ng; 08023598075; 07061648378.

AS THE WORLD WELCOMES ITS SEVEN BILLIONTH HUMAN: REFLECTIONS ON POPULATION, LAW, AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Robert Hardaway*

ABSTRACT

Twenty years ago, Praeger Publications of Westport Connecticut published this author’s book “Population, Law and the Environment”,1 in which the case was made for identifying human population expansion as the key environmental issue of our times. This case rested in large part on linking together cultural and legal issues, which theretofore had not always been considered to be related to environmental protection, such as abortion, the rights of women, contraception, immigration, family planning, and policies of economic growth. There have been considerable developments in these areas which have spurred this author to update his book, this time in the form of this article which both condenses the content of his previously published book where apposite (including passages which are incorporated verbatim from his previous work), and updates the most recent data supporting its original premise. The case is renewed herein for linking those areas which continue to be widely ignored or rejected as relevant to environmentalism, while at the same time urging that the environmental movement and the law that supports it expand its current narrow focus on the “A” and “T” factors of Holdren’s2 brilliantly conceived equation (I=PAT), and recognize the more critical “P” component, which in turn is a reflection of how both domestic and international law promulgates and enforces law in the areas identified in this article. The name that the author has adopted for this proposed change of focus is “Environmental Malthusianism.”3 Keywords: Population, Environment, Law, Climate Change

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* Professor of Law at the Sturm College of Law, University of Denver, Colorado, United States. This article is reprinted with permission from Sustainable Development Law and Policy, (2014) Volume XIV, Issue 1, American University Washington College of Law.

1. Praeger Publications is now a part of the publishing house of ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California.

2 Although Holdren’s name is used herein to describe the equation, the equation has been recognized as a joint effort of John Holdren, Barry Commoner, and Paul Ehrlich.

3 Although the author has not found any usage of this term in other literature, he claims no credit for its coinage given that it seems such an obvious term to describe the linkage of population to the environment.

TORT CHOICE OF LAW AND INTERNATIONAL FUNDAMENTAL NORMS: A CASE STUDY OF CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES

Chilenye Nwapi*

ABSTRACT

This article considers the tort choice of law rules in Canada and the United States – two highly internationalist societies with similar legal traditions but whose choice of law rules vary dramatically. The two jurisdictions are also known for their constant reference to international law in the resolution of domestic disputes. Moreover, Canada embodies both the common law and the civil law traditions. The aim here is twofold. The first is to evaluate the suitability of their choice of law rules for addressing cases alleging violations of international fundamental norms. The second is to see what other jurisdictions can learn from the experiences of these two jurisdictions in their adjudication of international norms. This article makes these principal findings. While none of the two jurisdictions has a choice of law rule specially attuned to deal with violations of international norms, the operative rule in Canada contains reasonable flexibility to meet the needs of such cases. It finds within the assortment of tort choice of law rules in the US, some rules that at least mention the interests of the international community as an important consideration in the choice of applicable law, and that US courts already do look to international law to determine certain substantive issues arising in cases brought under the Alien Tort Statute

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* Fellow, Canadian Centre for International Justice; PhD (University of British Columbia); LLM (University of Calgary); LLB (Imo State University).