African Fig

Ficus vogelii

NAME: Ficus vogelii

FAMILY: Moraceae

COMMON NAMES: African Fig, Redwood Fig

LOCAL NAMES: Oba-Odan

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Ficus vogelii is a large deciduous tree that can grow up to 30 meters in height. It has a broad crown with dense foliage. The leaves of Ficus vogelii are alternate, simple, and leathery, with an elliptical shape and prominent veins. They measure approximately 10-20 centimeters in length and have a dark green color. The tree produces small, inconspicuous flowers that develop into figs. The figs are initially green and turn reddish-brown or purplish-black when mature.

USEFUL PART(s): Various parts of Ficus vogelii are utilized for different purposes.

GENERAL USES:

  1. Timber: The wood of Ficus vogelii is highly valued for its strength and durability. It is used in construction, furniture making, and crafting tools.

  2. Medicinal: Different parts of the tree, including the bark, roots, and leaves, have traditional medicinal uses. They are used in the treatment of various ailments, such as fever, wounds, and gastrointestinal disorders.

  3. Fodder: The leaves and young shoots of Ficus vogelii serve as fodder for livestock.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Ficus vogelii is native to sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, and Tanzania.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Ficus vogelii, like other plants, appears green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its cells. Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs sunlight, particularly in the red and blue wavelengths, and reflects green light, giving plants their characteristic green color.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Ficus vogelii plays a vital role in the ecosystems where it grows. The tree provides habitat and food sources for various animal species, including birds and mammals. Additionally, its extensive root system helps in soil stabilization and erosion control.

FUN FACT: Ficus vogelii is known for its unique interaction with ants. Certain ant species form mutualistic relationships with the tree by residing in the hollow stems and feeding on nectar-producing structures called extrafloral nectaries. In return, the ants protect the tree from herbivores and help in seed dispersal.

Further Reading:

  1. "African Indigenous Trees: Their Purpose, Management and Uses" by Cori Ham

  2. "The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa" by H.M. Burkill